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GESTATIONAL DIABETES

What is Gestational Diabetes?

Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It causes high blood sugar levels that can affect your pregnancy and your baby's health. Gestational diabetes usually develops in the second or third trimester and typically disappears after giving birth.

Symptoms

Many women with gestational diabetes don't experience any symptoms. However, some may notice:

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01

Increased thirst

03

Fatigue

02

Frequent urination

04

Blurred vision

Risk Factors

You may be at higher risk of gestational diabetes if:

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01

You're overweight or obese

03

You have a family history of diabetes

05

You've previously given birth to a large baby

02

You had gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy

04

You're over 35 years old

06

You have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

In Ghana, studies have shown that advanced maternal age and high body mass index are significant risk factors for gestational diabetes.

Doctor

Diagnosis

In Ghana, screening for gestational diabetes is typically done between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. However, availability and practices may vary depending on your location and healthcare provider.

The screening may involve:

  1. A glucose challenge test
  2. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

Management

If you're diagnosed with gestational diabetes, management may include:

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  • Lifestyle changes
    • Eating a healthy, balanced diet (focusing on local, nutritious foods)
    • Regular physical activity
    • Monitoring and controlling your weight gain during pregnancy

  • Blood sugar monitoring
    • Learning to test your blood sugar levels at home (if equipment is available)

  • Medications (if necessary)
    • Metformin tablets
    • Insulin injections

  • Your healthcare team will provide guidance on managing your condition based on available resources.

Effects

Gestational diabetes can increase the risk of:

Baby
Pregnancy
After Pregnancy
01
Your baby growing larger than usual, which may lead to difficulties during delivery
02
Premature birth
03
Jaundice
04
Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) after birth
05
Stillbirth (in rare cases)

Prevention

While not all cases of gestational diabetes can be prevented, you can reduce your risk by:

Prevention
01

Maintaining a healthy weight before pregnancy

02

Eating a balanced diet rich in local fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

03

Exercising regularly before and during pregnancy

Managing Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes can increase the risk of:

General
After Pregnancy
Future Pregnancies
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01
Attend all your antenatal appointments
02
Follow your healthcare teams advice on diet and exercise
03
Monitor your blood sugar levels as instructed (if possible)
04
Take any prescribed medications as directed
05
Discuss your birth plan with your midwife or doctor
Healthcare Provider

When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider

Contact your healthcare provider immediately if:

  • You're struggling to control your blood sugar levels
  • You experience symptoms of high or low blood sugar
  • You have any concerns about your baby's movements

Remember, with proper management, most women with gestational diabetes have healthy pregnancies and healthy babies. Always consult your local healthcare team for personalised advice and support.

Healthcare practices and resource availability may vary across different regions in Ghana. It's important to work closely with your local healthcare providers for the most appropriate care based on your specific circumstances.

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