Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the way your body metabolizes sugar (glucose). With type 2 diabetes, your body either resists the effects of insulin — a hormone that regulates the movement of sugar into your cells — or doesn't produce enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels.
Common signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes include:
Increased thirst and frequent urination
Fatigue
Slow-healing sores or frequent infections
Increased hunger
Blurred vision
Areas of darkened skin, usually in the armpits and neck
While the exact cause of type 2 diabetes is unknown, factors that may contribute include:
Excess weight
Inactivity
Age (45 or older)
Family history
Race or ethnicity (Higher risk in African American, Hispanic, Native American, and Asian American people)
High blood pressure
Abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels
History of gestational diabetes
Prediabetes
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Hormonal disorders like Cushing's syndrome
Certain medications (e.g., glucocorticoids, some antipsychotics)
Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests:
A1C test
Glucose tolerance test
Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
Fasting blood sugar test
Random blood sugar test
Management of type 2 diabetes includes:
If left unmanaged, type 2 diabetes can lead to serious complications including:
Nerve damage (neuropathy)
Kidney damage (nephropathy)
Eye damage (retinopathy)
Foot damage
Skin conditions
Hearing impairment
Alzheimer disease
Sleep apnea
Fatty liver disease
Depression
Increased risk of certain cancers
You can reduce your risk of developing type 2 diabetes by:
Maintaining a healthy weight
Eating a balanced diet
Exercising regularly (at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity a week)
Quitting smoking
Limiting alcohol consumption
Getting regular health screenings
Managing stress
Getting adequate sleep
You can reduce your risk of developing type 2 diabetes by:
Self-management education and support
Meal planning and carbohydrate counting
Eye exams
Dental check-ups
Vaccinations (flu, pneumonia, hepatitis B)
Managing other health conditions
If you notice any possible diabetes symptoms, contact your Doctor. The earlier the condition is diagnosed, the sooner treatment can begin.
Explore our blog for expert advice, practical tips, and inspiring stories to empower your journey towards better diabetes management and improved well-being.
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