Living with diabetes requires a comprehensive approach to health management, as this condition can significantly impact various aspects of your body, particularly your heart. People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing heart-related conditions. Understanding the link between diabetes and heart health is crucial in managing and mitigating these risks.
Diabetes can lead to a variety of heart conditions due to high blood sugar levels that damage blood vessels and the nerves that control your heart. Over time, this damage can cause several serious heart conditions.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease among people with diabetes. CAD occurs when the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of cholesterol and other substances, forming plaques. This buildup, known as atherosclerosis, restricts blood flow to the heart. People with diabetes are more prone to CAD because high blood sugar levels can increase the amount of fatty deposits in the blood vessels. This can lead to chest pain (angina), particularly during physical exertion or stress. If a coronary artery becomes completely blocked, it can cause a heart attack.
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Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is common in individuals with diabetes and significantly increases the risk of heart disease. High blood pressure forces the heart to work harder than normal to pump blood, which can damage the heart and lead to complications such as heart failure, heart attack, or stroke. People with diabetes often have other conditions that contribute to hypertension, such as obesity, high salt intake, and a sedentary lifestyle.
Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood effectively to meet the body's needs. This can result from conditions such as CAD or hypertension, which weaken or damage the heart over time. In people with diabetes, high blood sugar levels can contribute to heart muscle damage, leading to heart failure.
Cardiomyopathy refers to diseases of the heart muscle. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a condition where the heart muscle becomes thickened, stiff, or enlarged, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can occur independently of other forms of heart disease, such as CAD.
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) occurs when the blood vessels outside the heart, particularly those in the legs, become narrowed or blocked due to atherosclerosis. This condition can lead to pain, infections, and in severe cases, amputation. People with diabetes are at higher risk for PAD, which is also linked to an increased risk of heart attack and stroke.
Diabetes increases the risk of stroke, which occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients. High blood sugar levels can contribute to the formation of clots that block blood flow to the brain.
To manage your heart health while living with diabetes, consider these essential steps:
Keep your blood sugar levels within the target range recommended by your healthcare provider. Consistently high blood sugar can damage blood vessels and increase the risk of heart disease.
High blood pressure can damage your heart and blood vessels. Regularly check your blood pressure and follow your doctor's recommendations for keeping it within a healthy range.
Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Limit your intake of saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, sodium, and added sugars.
Physical activity helps improve heart health, manage weight, and control blood sugar levels. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise, such as brisk walking, per week.
Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight can reduce the risk of heart disease. Work with your healthcare provider to develop a weight management plan that suits your needs.
Take any prescribed medications for diabetes, blood pressure, cholesterol, or other conditions as directed by your healthcare provider. These medications can help manage risk factors and prevent complications.
Smoking significantly increases the risk of heart disease and other health problems. Seek support to quit smoking and avoid exposure to secondhand smoke.
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